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Sudheendrakumar, V. V.

• Notes on Hymenopteran Parasites of Eutectona Machaeralis Recorded from Nilambur, Kerala

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Authors

V. V. Sudheendrakumar

Source

Indian Forester, Vol 119, No 6 (1993), Pagination: 510-511

Abstract

No abstract

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• Laboratory Evaluation of Four Fungal Pathogens against the Teak Defoliator, Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae)

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Authors

R. F. Juliya ¹, V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹, R. V. Varma ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Protection Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 285-293

Abstract

Effect of four entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Metarhizium anisopliae, isolated from different host insects, was tested in the laboratory against the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) to assess their virulence and efficiency. Five different concentrations, 2x10⁶, 4x10⁶, 6x10⁶, 8x10⁶ and 1x10⁷ conidia ml^-1were directly and indirectly applied onto third instar larvae of H. puera. All the four fungi tested under both application methods were pathogenic to H. puera with higher efficiency in direct application than indirect application. At 9 days after exposure, the mean per cent mortality obtained was 100, 93.02, 93.02 and 66.74%, respectively, for B. bassiana, B. brongniartii, P. fumosoroseus and M. anisopliae at the highest concentration of 1 x 10⁷ conidia ml^-1 in direct application. Mortality of the larvae varied according to the concentration of conidia, method of application and fungi. The lowest LC₅₀ (1.89 x 10⁶ conidia ml^-1) and LT₅₀ (91.18 hr) values obtained for B. bassiana in direct application showed that B. bassiana was more pathogenic to H. puera than the other three fungi.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Entomopathogenic Fungi, Hyblaea puera, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus.

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References

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• Beeson, C. F. C. 1941. The Ecology and Control of theForest Insects of India and the neighbouringcountries. Goverment of India. 720 pp.
• Butt, T. M. 2002. Use of entomogenous fungi forthe control of insect pests, pp. 118. In:Kempken, F. (Ed.). The Mycota XI, AgricultureApplications. Springer–Verlag, Berlin,Heidelberg, 2002.
• Finney, D. J. 1971. Probit Analysis–3rd Edition.CambridgeUniversity Press. London, England. 318 pp.
• Hutacharern, C., Yincharern, S. and Eungwijarnpanya,S. 1993. Control of the teak defoliationby aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner var. kurstaki, pp. 5–19. In:B. Boonthawee (Ed.). Proceedings of theForest Conference. Royal Forest Department,Forest Research Office, Bangkok.
• Kandaswamy, D. 1969. Hypsipyla robusta Moore, a newhost for Beauveria tenella (Delacroix) Siemasko. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,13: 149–150.
• Loganathan, J. and David, P. M. M. 2000. Laboratoryand field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensisBerliner products against the teak defoliatorHyblaea puera Cramer. Insect Science and itsApplication, 20: 61–65.
• Mathew, G., Sudheendrakumar, V. V., Mohanadas,K. and Nair, K. S. S. 1990. An artificialdiet for the teak defoliator, Hyblaea pueraCramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae). Entomon,15: 159–163.
• Mohammed Ali, M. I., Varma, R. V. and Sudheendrakumar,V. V. 1991. Evaluation of microbial pathogensfor biocontrol against major insect pests ofAilanthus and Teak, pp. 4–31. KFRI ResearchReport No. 72. KFRI, Peechi, Kerala, India.
• Nair, K. S. S., Sudheendrakumar, V. V., Varma, R. V. andChacko, K. C. 1985. Studies on the seasonalincidence of defoliators and the effect ofdefoliation on volume increment of teak, pp.78. KFRI Research Report No.30. KFRI,Peechi, Kerala, India.
• Nair, K. S. S., Sudheendrakumar, V. V., Varma, R. V.,Chacko, K. C. and Jayaraman, K. 1996. Effectof defoliation by Hyblaea puera and Eutectonamachaeralis on volume increment of teak, pp. 257–273. In: Nair, K. S. S., Sharma, J. K. and Varma, R. V. (Eds.). Proceedings of theIUFRO symposium on Impact of Diseases andInsect Pests in Tropical Forests. KFRI, Peechi& FAOFORSPA Bangkok.
• Rajak, R. C., Agarwal, G. P., Khan, A. R. and Sandhu,S. S. 1993. Susceptibility of teak defoliator(Hyblaea puera Cramer) and teak skeletonizer(Eutectona machaeralis Walker) to Beauveriabassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. Indian Journal ofExperimental Biology, 31: 80–82.
• Sakchoowong, W. 2002. Effect of entomopathogenicfungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhiziumanisopliae) on teak defoliator (Hyblaeapuera Cramer, Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) inlaboratory. 30: pp. 105–110. In: Proceedingsof the IUFRO–FAO Workshop on PestManagement in Tropical Forest Plantations. Chanthaburi, Thailand. 25–29 May, 1998. FORSPA Publication.
• Senguttuvan, T., Chinniah, C., Varma, R. V. and Nair,K. S. S. 2000. Knockdown toxicity ofinsecticides and B.t. formulations on larvae ofteak defoliator, Hyblaea puera. Indian Journalof Forestry, 23: 160–163.

• Fungal Endophytes, Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jillich and Phanerochaete sordida (P. Karst.) J. Erikss and Ryvarden: New Aspirants in Biopesticide Scenario

Abstract Views :224  |  PDF Views:135

Authors

C. P. Biji ¹, V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹, S. Shabna ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Entomology Department, Kerala forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 114-117

Abstract

Endophytes to which several roles of plant defense are ascribed have huge potential for development as biocontrol agents. Biocontrol prospects of two foliar endophytes, Phlebiopsis gigantea and Phanerochaete sordida isolated from Adhatoda vasica Nees and Andrographis paniculata Nees, respectively, are reported here. In per os treatment against third instar teak defoliator larvae [Hyblaea puera (Cramer)], P. sordida and P. gigantea showed considerable insecticidal activity in terms of median lethal doses (6x10⁵ conidia and 3x10⁸ oidia per larva, respectively). In dip treatment using oidial suspension, P. gigantea at its median lethal dosage inflicted cent percent mortality in less than a minute's time. This result is extremely fascinating considering its knockdown action and its enormous potential as a biocontrol agent.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Endophytes, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Phanerochaete sordida, Hyblaea puera.

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• A New Insect Rearing Container for in vivo Mass Multiplication of NPV of Hyblaea puera

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Authors

V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹, T. V. Sajeev ¹, C. P. Biji ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Forest Protection, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi - 680653, Thrissur, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 217-219

Abstract

To overcome the problems in rearing the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera on artificial diet in a two-piece rearing tube for HpNPV mass multiplication, a new three-piece tube was designed and evaluated. The two-piece tube (Tube A) consists of two parts - a cylindrical main body with one end open (55mm x 23mm) and a perforated cap. The three-piece tube (Tube B) consists of a main body with both ends open (55mm % 23mm), a diet cup (20mm % 22mm) and a perforated cap. Comparative evaluation of two types of tubes (main body of Tube A vs Diet cup of Tube B) was made in terms of their virus capture efficiency during inoculation and also easiness in diet dispensing and general handling. The short length of the diet cup of tube B favored highest virus capturing (added 30%) and efficient diet dispensing. Tube B could be an excellent option for rearing H. puera larvae for NPV mass production and laboratory culture maintenance and also for rearing of other lepidopteran larvae of similar behavior and size.

Keywords

HpNPV, Hyblaea puera, Rearing Tube.

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• Economics of HpNPV Production Using Field Collected and Laboratory Reared Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae)

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Authors

T. V. Sajeev ¹, V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹, C. P. Biji ¹, M. Helen ¹, R. V. Varma ¹

Affiliations
1 Forest Protection Programme Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, 680 653, Trichur, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 193-196

Abstract

The economics of mass production of the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) (HpNPV) using the laboratory-reared and field-collected (from teak plantations) host larvae was compared. The data were based on 7645 laboratory-reared (LR) larvae and 8925 field-collected (FC) larvae. The virus production was carried out using fifth instar larva inoculated with 1x10⁶ OBs (Viral Occlusion Bodies)/larva. The virus yield/larva in LR and FC larvae was 4.8x10⁸ and 3.6x10⁸ OBs, respectively. The virus productivity ratio in LR and FC larvae was 241 ± 55 and 178 ± 100.85 OBs, respectively. The cost of production of HpNPV per larva was higher in the case of LR (Rs. 0.82/larva) in comparison with FC (Rs.0.72). However, the cost of HpNPV required for spraying in one hectare at the rate of 1.63 x 10¹¹ OBs worked out to be Rs. 279 and Rs. 317 in the case of LR and FC, respectively. A marginal difference in the virus yield was found affecting the cost of the virus produced.

Keywords

Hyblaea puera, HpNPV, Mass Production, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Teak Defoliator.

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• Mass Production of Nucleopolyhedrovirus of the Teak Defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer Using Host Population in Teak Plantations

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Authors

V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹, T. V. Sajeev ¹, R. V. Varma ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680653, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 81-84

Abstract

The nucleopolyhedrovirus of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) (HpNPV) is a potential biocontrol agent of the pest. This paper describes a method to mass multiply HpNPV in situ in the field population of H. puera. The method is based on application of the virus suspension on young teak plantation infested with H. puera. An average yield of 4.8816 x 10& Polyhedral Occlusion Bodies (POBs) per fifth instar larva was obtained with this method. The advantage of this method of HpNPV production is that it is less expensive as it does not depend on host larval culture maintained in the laboratory.

Keywords

Hyblaea puera, HpNPV, Mass Production, Nucleopolyhedrovirus, Teak Defoliator.

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• Bioecology of Sympiesis hyblaeae Surekha (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) a Parasitoid of the Teak Defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera:Hyblaeidae)

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Authors

V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Thrissur, Kerala, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 16, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 97-101

Abstract

The biology, behaviour and seasonal dynamics of Sympiesis hyblaeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) an ectoparasitoid of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) are discussed. S. hyblaeae prefers to lay eggs on first or second instar teak defoliator larvae. A single egg is deposited on each host larva. Each female lays an average of 5 eggs per day and an average of 15 eggs during its lifespan. The total developmental period is about 10-13 days. A high proportion (94%) of the pupae formed during the months, December to January are observed going through a diapause period ranging from 111-156 days, with an average of 13S days. The peak activity period of S. hyblaeae in the field is during September to December, which does not coincide with the peak incidence period (April-June) of its host (H. puera). The seasonal incidence pattern indicates that S. hyblaeae is not a potential natural biocontrol agent of the teak defoliator.

Keywords

Bioecology, Hyblaea puera, Parasitism, Sympiesis hyblaeae, Teak Defoliator.

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• Field Efficacy of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus for Protection of Teak against the Defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer (Lepidoptera:Hyblaeidae)

Abstract Views :227  |  PDF Views:138

Authors

K. S. S. Nair ¹, Biju Babjan ¹, T. V. Sajeev ¹, V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹, M. I. Mohammed Ali ², R. V. Varma ¹, K. Mohanadas ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Kerala, IN
2 Division of Plant Pathology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 10, No 1&2 (1996), Pagination: 79-85

Abstract

In the year 1993, a 100 tree plot in a 17 year old teak plantation at Nilambur in Kerala was experimentally protected from Hyblaea puera Cramer, a serious defoliator of teak plantations, using a naturally occurring baculovirus (HpNPV) reported earlier from this pecies. During the year, there were four major peaks of defoliator infestation from March to June. One-time foliar application of a crude preparation of HpNPV at the rate of 1x10⁵ POB/ml of the spray fluid, at the earliest sign of each infestation, gave 70-76 per cent protection of foliage during the first two infestations. A reduced foliage protection of 33-43 per cent obtained during the third and fourth infestations was attributable to occurrence of rain soon after application of the spray. In protected trees, the basal area increment was enhanced by 41 per cent, indicating the efficacy of HpNPV as a biocontrol agent against the teak defoliator.

Keywords

Baculovirus, HpNPV, Hyblaea puera, Teak Defoliator.

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• Acceptance of the Teak Defoliator Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) by Two Exotic Species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

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Authors

V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ², S. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Trichur, Kerala, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, HA Farm Post Office, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 1 (1995), Pagination: 43-44

Abstract

Natural control of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer by a large number of larval and pupal parasitoids has been reported (Chatterjee and Misra, ]974; Sudheendrakumar, 1985). However, only very very little information IS available on egg parasitoids of the teak defoliator (Beeson, 1941; Nair et al.. 1994).

Keywords

Hyblaea puera, Egg Parasitoids, Trichogramma embryophagum, T. Dendrolimi .

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• Seeding baculovirus HpNPV in the epicentre populations of teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera to prevent large-scale outbreaks

Abstract Views :179  |  PDF Views:84

Authors

T. N. Bindu ¹, Peroth Balakrishnan ², T. V. Sajeev ³, V. V. Sudheendrakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Forest Protection, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur 680 653, India; Wildlife Research and Conservation Trust, Anupallavi, Chungathara, Nilambur 679 334, IN
2 Division of Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur 680 653, India; Wildlife Research and Conservation Trust, Anupallavi, Chungathara, Nilambur 679 334, IN
3 Division of Forest Protection, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur 680 653, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 7 (2022), Pagination: 812-818

Abstract

The defoliation caused by Hyblaea puera can result in approximately 44% reduction in the annual volume increment of teak, a major timber tree. Several management options used in the past to control the pest were not effective due to high cost and environmental problems. In the present study we have used the vertical transmission characteristics of Hyblaea puera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HpNPV) for cost-effective and environment-friendly control of the most devastating pest. First, a laboratory experiment was conducted to verify the vertical transmission of HpNPV and later field spraying was done to study the effect under natural conditions. Vertical transmission of HpNPV in the labo­ratory ranged between 13% and 59%. The sublethal transmission caused reduction in pupation, adult emergence, male and female longevity, egg-laying period, fecundity, hatching of F1 eggs, F1 mortality, F1 pupation and F1 fecundity, but had no influence on the F2 survival compared to the control. Spraying of HpNPV in the epicentre population of the pest resul­ted a viral epizootic at the F2 generation and led to collapse of the host population. Seeding of HpNPV in the epicentre populations of the teak defoliator has been proved to be an economical and environment-friendly method for management of the pest.

Keywords

Baculovirus, epicentre populations, field spraying, Hyblaea puera, teak, vertical transmission.

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• Chandrasekhar, N., Sajeev, T. V., Sudheendrakumar, V. V. and Banerjee, M., Population dynamics of the teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera Cramer) in Nilambur teak plantations using Randomly Amplified Gene Encoding Primers (RAGEP). BMC Ecol., 2005, 5(1); http://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-5-1.
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• Sajeev, T. V., Sudheendrakumar, V. V., Helen, S. M., Meera, C. S., Bindu, T. N. and Bindu, K. J., Hybcheck – the biopesticide for managing teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera Cramer): an announcement. In Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Processing and Marketing of Teak Wood Products of Planted Forests, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, 2007, p. 38.
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• Role of soil and larval excreta in the horizontal transmission of the baculovirus HpNPV and its implications in the management of teak defoliator Hyblaea puera

Abstract Views :155  |  PDF Views:92

Authors

T. N. Bindu ¹, Peroth Balakrishnan ², T. V. Sajeev ³, V. V. Sudheendrakumar ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Forest Protection, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur 680 653, India; Wildlife Research and Conservation Trust, Anupallavi, Chungathara, Nilambur 679 334, IN
2 Division of Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur 680 653, India; Wildlife Research and Conservation Trust, Anupallavi, Chungathara, Nilambur 679 334, IN
3 Division of Forest Protection, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur 680 653, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 122, No 11 (2022), Pagination: 1321-1326

Abstract

In baculovirus–insect systems, a mixed-mode transmission strategy involving vertical transmission of virus from parent to offspring, and horizontal transmission from infected to susceptible or from the environment is well known. In this study, we examined the role of soil and excreta as alternative routes of horizontal transmission of Hyblaea puera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HpNPV) in the teak defoliator H. puera and how larval crowding influences these processes. The laboratory experiment failed to identify horizontal transmission of the virus from the soil during pupation or eclosion. However, the role of soil as a reservoir cannot be ignored as chances of transport of viral particles from soil to tree bark are expected through termite nests built on teak stems, which needs further examination. On the other hand, the experiments proved excreta as a major route of horizontal transmission and the rate of infectivity during crowding of larvae was significantly higher. Further research on other routes of horizontal transmission and host behaviour influencing the same are discussed here in the context of their role in managing of teak defoliator outbreaks

Keywords

Baculovirus, Horizontal Transmission, Hyblaea Puera, Pest Management, Soil and Larval Excreta, Teak

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References

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